Tag: Physics

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CBSE- Grade 9 Physics Syllabus

CBSE is a well known and reputed board and provides standard education to all the students by imparting comprehensive syllabus in appropriate manner. Colscol Expert Teacher Team teach you online syllabus for class 9 Physics subject, designed after a proper study and research. Class 9 Physics syllabus is helpful as it provides adequate knowledge on concerned topics and units specified in the syllabus. The class 9 syllabus is available online and can be downloaded in any format easily

CBSE is also known for its flexible and well framed syllabus patterns that can be adapted by any kind of students of different potentials, and give every chance to score well in class 9 exams.

TOPICS

  1. Motion
  2. Force and Laws of Motion
  3. Gravitation
  4. Work and Energy
  5. Sound
1. Motion

1.A. Describing Motion
1.B. Measuring the Rate of Motion
1.C. Rate of change of Velocity
1.D. Graphical Representation of Motion
1.E. Equations of motion by Graphical method

2. Force and Laws of Motion
2.A. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
2.B. First Law of Motion
2.C. Inertia and Mass
2.D. Second Law of Motion
2.E. Third Law of Motion
2.F. Conservation of Momentum
3. Gravitation
3.A. Gravitation
3.B. Free Fall
3.C. Mass
3.D. Weight
3.E. Thrust and Pressure
3.F. Archimedes’ Principle
3.G. Relative Density
4. Work and Energy
4.A. Work
4.B. Energy
4.C. Rate of doing Work
5. Sound
5.A. Production of Sound
5.B. Propagation of Sound
5.C. Reflection of Sound
5.D. Range of Hearing
5.E. Applications of Ultrasound
5.F. Structure of Human Ear
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CBSE- Grade 8 Physics Syllabus

CBSE is a well known and reputed board and provides standard education to all the students by imparting comprehensive syllabus in appropriate manner. Colscol Expert Teacher Team teach you online syllabus for class 8 Physics subject, designed after a proper study and research. Class 8 Physics syllabus is helpful as it provides adequate knowledge on concerned topics and units specified in the syllabus. The class 8 syllabus is available online and can be downloaded in any format easily

CBSE is also known for its flexible and well framed syllabus patterns that can be adapted by any kind of students of different potentials, and give every chance to score well in class 8 exams.

TOPICS

  1. Force and Pressure
  2. Friction
  3. Sound
  4. Chemical Effects of Electric Current
  5. Some Natural Phenomena
  6. Light
  7. Stars And The Solar System
1. Force and Pressure

1.A. Force : A push or a Pull
1.B. Forces are due to an Interaction
1.C. Exploring Forces
1.D. A Force can Change the State of Motion
1.E. Force can Change the Shape of an object
1.F. Contact Forces
1.G. Non-contact Forces
1.H. Pressure
1.I. Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases
1.J. Atmospheric Pressure

2. Friction
2.A. Force of Friction
2.B. Factors affecting Friction
2.C. Friction: A Necessary Evil
2.D. Increasing and Reducing Friction
2.E. Wheels Reduce Friction
2.F. Fluid Friction
3. Sound
3.A. Sound is Produced by a Vibrating Bodies
3.B. Sound Produced by Humans
3.C. Sounds Needs a Medium for Propagation
3.D. We Hear Sound through Our Ears
3.E. Aptitude, Time Period and Frequency of a vibration
3.F. Audible and Inaudible Sounds
3.G. Noise and Music
3.H. Noise Pollution
4. Chemical Effects of Electric Current
4.A. Do Liquids Conduct Electricity?
4.B. Chemical Effects Of Electric Current
4.C. Electroplating
5. Some Natural Phenomena
5.A. Lightning
5.B. Charging by Rubbing
5.C. Types of Charges and Their Interaction
5.D. Transfer of Charge
5.E. The Story of Lightning
5.F. Lightning Safety
5.G. Earthquakes
6. Light
6.A. What makes Things Visible
6.B. Laws of Reflection
6.C. Regular and Diffused Reflection
6.D. Reflected Light Can be Reflected Again
6.E. Multiple Images
6.F. Sunlight – White or Coloured
6.G. What is inside Our Eyes?
6.H. Care of the Eyes
6.I. Visually Impaired Persons Can Read and Write
6.J. What is Braille System?
7. Stars And The Solar System
7.A. The Moon
7.B. The Stars
7.C. Constellations
7.D. The Solar System
7.E. Some Other Members of the Solar System
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CBSE- Grade 7 Physics Syllabus

CBSE is a well known and reputed board and provides standard education to all the students by imparting comprehensive syllabus in appropriate manner. Colscol Expert Teacher Team teach you online syllabus for class 7 Physics subject, designed after a proper study and research. Class 7 Physics syllabus is helpful as it provides adequate knowledge on concerned topics and units specified in the syllabus. The class 7 syllabus is available online and can be downloaded in any format easily

CBSE is also known for its flexible and well framed syllabus patterns that can be adapted by any kind of students of different potentials, and give every chance to score well in class 7 exams.

TOPICS

  1. Heat
  2. Wind, Storms and Cyclones
  3. Motion and Time
  4. Electric current and its effects
  5. Light
1. Heat

1.A. Hot and Cold
1.B. Measuring Temperature
1.C. Laboratory thermometer
1.D. Transfer of Heat
1.E. Kinds of Clothes we wear in Summer and Winter

2. Wind, Storms and Cyclones
2.A. Air exerts Pressure
2.B. High Speed Winds are accompanied by reduced Air Pressure
2.C. Air expands on heating
2.D. Wind currents are generated due to Uneven heating on the earth
2.E. Thunderstorms and Cyclones
2.F. Destruction caused by Cyclones
2.G. Effective safety measures
2.H. Advanced technology has helped
3. Motion and Time
3.A. Slow or Fast
3.B. Speed
3.C. Measurement of Time
3.D. Measuring speed
3.E. Distance -Time graph
4. Electric current and its effects
4.A. Symbols of electric components
4.B. Heating effect of electric current
4.C. Magnetic effect of electric current
4.D. Electromagnet
4.E. Electric Bell
5. Light
5.A. Light travels along a straight line
5.B. Reflection of light
5.C. Right or left
5.D. Playing with spherical mirrors
5.E. Images formed by lenses
5.F. Sunlight – White or Colored?
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CBSE- Grade 6 Physics Syllabus

CBSE is a well known and reputed board and provides standard education to all the students by imparting comprehensive syllabus in appropriate manner. Colscol Expert Teacher Team teach you online syllabus for class 6 Physics subject, designed after a proper study and research. Class 6 Physics syllabus is helpful as it provides adequate knowledge on concerned topics and units specified in the syllabus. The class 6 syllabus is available online and can be downloaded in any format easily

CBSE is also known for its flexible and well framed syllabus patterns that can be adapted by any kind of students of different potentials, and give every chance to score well in class 6 exams.

TOPICS

  1. Motion and Measurement of Distances
  2. Light, Shadows and Reflections
  3. Electricity and Circuits
  4. Fun With Magnets
  5. System of Particles and Rotational Motion
1. Motion and Measurement of Distances

1.A. Story Of Transport
1.B. How Wide Is This Desk?
1.C. Some Measurements
1.D. Standard Units Of Measurements
1.E. Correct Measurement Of Length
1.F. Measuring The Length Of a Curved Line
1.G. Moving Things Around Us
1.H. Types Of Motion

2. Light, Shadows and Reflections
2.A. Transparent, Opaque and Translucent Objects
2.B. What Exactly are Shadows?
2.C. A Pinhole Camera
2.D. Mirrors and Reflections
3. Electricity and Circuits
3.A. Electric Cell
3.B. A Bulb Connected To An Electric Cell
3.C. An Electric Circuit
3.D. Electric Switch
3.E. Electric Conductors and Insulators
4. Fun With Magnets
4.A. Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials
4.B. Poles Of Magnet
4.C. Finding Directions
4.D. Make your own Magnet
4.E. Attraction and Repulsion Between Magnets
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CBSE- Grade 10 Physics Syllabus

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The search of class 10 students to find class 10 Physics syllabus has come to an end,this learning brings comprehensive material for cbse students to help improve their performances in class 10 board exams. Students must be updated with the latest cbse syllabus and compare with the previous years syllabus to know which are the chapters and units that are added and whether any concepts are eliminated.

TOPICS

  1. Light reflection and refraction
  2. Human eye and colorful world
  3. Electricity
  4. Magnetic effect of electric current
  5. Sources of energy
  6. Management of Natural Resources
1. Light reflection and refraction

1.A. Reflection of light
1.B. Spherical mirrors: Formation of image
1.C. Uses of spherical mirrors
1.D. Mirror formula and magnification
1.E. Refraction of light
1.F. Refraction by spherical lenses
1.G. Lens formula and magnification – Power of lens

2. Human eye and colorful world
2.A. The human eye
2.B. Power of accommodation
2.C. Why do we have two eyes
2.D. Defects of vision and its correction: myopia
2.E. Defects of vision and its correction: Hypermetropia
2.F. Defects of vision and its correction: Presbyopia
2.G. Defects of vision and its correction: Astigmatism
2.H. Refraction of light through prism
2.I. Dispersion of white light through glass prism
2.J. Atmospheric refraction
2.H. Scattering of light
3. Electricity
3.A. Electric current and circuits
3.B. 
3.C. Circuit diagram
3.D. Ohm’s law
3.E. Factors on which the resistance of conductor depends
3.F. Resistance of a system of resistors
3.G. Heating effect of electric current
3.H. Electric power

4. Magnetic effect of electric current
4.A. Magnetic field and field lines
4.B. Magnetic field due to current carrying conductors
4.C. Force on current carrying conductor in electric field
4.D. Electric motor
4.E. Electromagnetic induction
4.F. Domestic electric circuits
5. Sources of energy
5.A. What is a good source of energy
5.B. Conventional sources of energy: fossil fuels
5.C. Conventional sources of energy: Hydro power plant
5.D. Alternate or non- conventional sources of energy: Biomass bio-gas
5.E. Non Conventional Sources of Energy -Ocean Thermal Energy
5.F. Non Conventional Sources of Energy -Solar Energy – Photo voltaic Cell
5.G. Non Conventional Sources of Energy – Tidal Energy
5.H. Non Conventional Sources of Energy – Geothermal Energy
5.I. Non Conventional Sources of Energy – Ocean Thermal Energy
5.J. Environmental consequences
5.K. How long will an energy source last us
6. Management of Natural Resources
6.A. Save the Environment from Environmental Pollution – Reuse
6.B. Save the Environment from Environmental Pollution – Reduce
6.C. Save the Environment from Environmental Pollution – Recycle
6.D. Why do we need to manage our natural resources
6.E. Forest and wildlife
6.F. Sustainable management
6.G. Water for all : dam
6.H. Water harvesting
6.I. Coal and petroleum
6.J. An overview of natural resource management
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CBSE- Grade 12 Physics Syllabus

CBSE is known to be among the most reputed boards that provides education by imparting comprehensive syllabus in appropriate manner.Class 12 Physics can be helpful in providing adequate knowledge on the concerned topics and the units mentioned in the syllabus. The class 12 syllabus is accessible online and can be downloaded in any format easily.

TOPICS

  1. Electric Charges and Fields
  2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
  3. Current Electricity
  4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
  5. Magnetism and Matter
  6. Electromagnetic Induction
  7. Alternating Current
  8. Electromagnetic Waves
  9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
  10. Wave Optics
  11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
  12. Atoms
  13. Nuclei
  14. Semiconductor Electronics: Material Devices and Simple
    circuits
  15. Communication System
1. Electric Charges and Fields

1.A. Electric charge: conservation
1.B. Conductors and insulators
1.C. Charging by induction
1.D. Basic principle of electric charge
1.E. Coulomb’s law
1.F. Forces between multiple charges
1.G. Electric field
1.H. Electric field lines
1.I. Electric flux
1.J. Electric dipole
1.K. Dipole in a uniform external field
1.L. Continuous charge distribution
1.M. Gauss’s law
1.N. Application of Gauss’s law

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
2.A. Electrostatic potential
2.B. Potential due to a point charge
2.C. Potential due to an electric diple
2.D. Potential due to a system of charges
2.E. Equipotential surfaces
2.F. Potential energy of system of charges
2.G. Potential energy in an external field
2.H. Electrostatics of conductor
2.I. Dielectrics and polarisation
2.J. Capacitors and capacitance
2.H. The parallel plate capacitor
2.I. Effect of dielectric on capacitance
2.J. Combinaion of capacitors
2.K. Energy stored in a capacitor
2.L. Van De Graff’s generator
3. Current Electricity
3.A. Electric current
3.B. 
3.C. Ohm’s law and its limitations
3.D. Drift of electrons and origin of resistivity
3.E. Resisitivity of various materials
3.F. Temperature dependence of resistivity
3.G. Electric energy, power
3.H. Combination of resistors
3.I. Cells, EMF, internal resistance
3.J. Cells in series and parallel
3.K. Kirchoff’s rule
3.L. Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge
3.M. Potentiometer

4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
4.A. Magnetic force
4.B. Motion in a magnetic field
4.C. Motion in combined magnetic and electric field
4.D. Measurement of time Biot Savart’s law, Magnetic field on the axis of circular current loop
4.E. Ampere’s circuital law
4.F. The solenoid and toroid
4.G. Force between two parallel current, the ampere
4.H. “Toreque on current loop, magnetic dipole : Torque on a rectangular current loop in a magnetic field”
4.I. Circular current loop as magnetic dipole
4.J. The magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron
4.K. The moving coil galvanometer
5. Magnetism and Matter
5.A. The bar magnet: magnetic field line, bar magnet as solenoid
5.B. The dipole in a uniform magnetic field and the electrostatic analog
5.C. Magnetism and Gauss’s law
5.D. The earth’s magnetism
5.E. Magnetisation and magnetic intensity
5.F. Magnetic properties of material- Paramagnetism
5.G. dia- and ferro – magnetic substances
5.H. Permanent magnets and electromagnets
6. Electromagnetic Induction
6.A. The experiments of faraday and henry
6.B. Magnetic flux
6.C. Faraday’s law of induction
6.D. Lenz’s law and conservation of energy
6.E. Motional electromotive force
6.F. Energy consideration : A quantative study
6.G. Eddy current
6.H. Inductance: self and mutual inductance
6.I. AC generator
7. Alternating Current
7.A. Peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage
7.B. AC voltage applied to a resistor
7.C. Representation of AC current and voltage by rotating vectors- phasors
7.D. AC voltage applied to an inductor
7.E. AC voltage applied to a conductor
7.F. AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit: phasor diagram solution
7.G. AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit: analytical solution
7.H. Resonance
7.I. Power of AC circuit: power factor
7.J. LC oscillation
7.K. Transformers
8. Electromagnetic Waves
8.A. Displacement current
8.B. Electromagnetic waves: source
8.C. Nature of electromagnetic waves
8.D. electromagnetic spectrum
8.E. Radio waves
8.F. microwaves
8.G. infrared
8.H. visible
8.I. ultraviolet
8.J. X-rays
8.K. gamma rays
9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
9.A. Reflection of light by spherical mirrors
9.B. Mirror formula
9.C. Refraction of light
9.D. Total internal reflection and its applications
9.E. Optical fibres
9.F. Refraction at spherical surfaces
9.G. Lenses
9.H. Thin lens formula and magnification
9.I. Lensmakers formula
9.J. Power of a lens
9.K. Combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror
9.L. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism
9.M. Blue colour of sky and reddish apprearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset
9.N. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
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10.A. Huygens principle
10.B. Reflection and refraction of a plane wave
10.C. Doppler effect
10.D. Coherrent and incoherrent addition of waves
10.E. Interference of light waves and young’s experiment
10.F. Diffraction
10.G. Resolving power of optical instrument and validity of ray optics
10.H. Polarisation
10.I. Polarization by scattering
10.J. Polarization by reflection
11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
11.A. Electron emission
11.B. Photoelectric effect: Hertz and Lenard’s observation
11.C. Experimental study of photoelectric effect
11.D. Einstein’s photoelectric effect: energy quantum of radiation
11.E. Particle nature of light: photon
11.F. Wave nature of matter
11.G. Davisson and Germer experiment
12. Atoms
12.A. Alpha- particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom
12.B. Atomic spectra
12.C. Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom
12.D. Energy levels
12.E. Line spectra and the hydrogen atom
12.F. De Brogli’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation
13. Nuclei
13.A. Atomic masses and composition of nucleus
13.B. Size of nucleus
13.C. Mass-energy and nuclear binding energy
13.D. Nuclear force
13.E. Radioactivity- law of radioactive decay
13.F. Alpha decay
13.G. Beta decay
13.H. Gamma decay
13.I. Nuclear energy: fission
13.J. Nuclear reactor
13.K. Nuclear fusion: energy generation in stars
13.L. Controlled thermonuclear fusion
14.Semiconductor Electronics: Material Devices and Simple circuits
14.A. Classification of metal, conductors and semiconductors, insulators
14.B. Intrinsic semiconductors
14.C. Extrinsic semiconductors
14.D. P-n junction
14.E. Semiconductor diodes
14.F. Application of junction diode as rectifier
14.G. Special purpose p-n junction diode: Zenner diode
14.H. Optoelectronic jnction devices: photodiode
14.I. Light emitting diode
14.J. Solar cell
14.K. Junction transistor: structure and action
14.L. Basic transistor circuit configuration and transistor characteristics
14.M. Transistor as a device (amplifier)
14.N. Feedback amplifier and transistor oscillator
14.O. Digital electronics and logic gates
14.P. Integrated circuits
15.Communication System
15.A. Element of a communication system
15.B. Basic terminology used in electronic communication system
15.C. Bandwidth of signals
15.D. Bandwidth of transmission medium
15.E. Propagation of electromagnetic waves:ground wave
15.F. Propagation of electromagnetic waves:sky wave
15.G. Propagation of electromagnetic waves:space wave
15.H. Modulation and its necessity
15.I.  Amplitude modulation
15.J. Detection of amplitude modulated wave
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CBSE- Grade 11 Physics Syllabus

CBSE is a well known and reputed board and provides standard education to all the students by imparting comprehensive syllabus in appropriate manner. Colscol Expert Teacher Team teach you online syllabus for class 11 Physics subject, designed after a proper study and research. Class 11 Physics syllabus is helpful as it provides adequate knowledge on concerned topics and units specified in the syllabus. The class 11 syllabus is available online and can be downloaded in any format easily

CBSE is also known for its flexible and well framed syllabus patterns that can be adapted by any kind of students of different potentials, and give every chance to score well in class 11 exams.

TOPICS

  1. Physical World
  2. Work, Energy and Power
  3. Thermal Properties of Matter
  4. Units and Measurement
  5. System of Particles and Rotational Motion
  6. Thermodynamics
  7. Motion in a Straight Line
  8. Motion in a Plane
  9. Kinetic Theory
  10. Gravitation
  11. Laws of Motion
  12. Oscillation
  13. Mechanical Properties of Solids
  14. Waves
  15. Mechanical Properties of Fluids
1. Physical World

1.A. What is Physics?
1.B. Scope and excitement of Physics
1.C. Physics technology and society
1.D. Fundamental forces in nature
1.E. Nature of Physical laws

2. Work, Energy and Power
2.A. The Scalar product
2.B. Work
2.C. Kinetic energy
2.D. Work done by a variable force
2.E. Work energy theorem for variable force
2.F. Concept of potential energy
2.G. Conservation of mechanical energy
2.H. Vertical circular motion
2.I. Potential energy of spring
2.J. Various forms of energy
2.H. Law of conservation of energy
2.I. Power
2.J. Collisions: In one dimension and two dimension (elastic and non elastic)
3. Thermal Properties of Matter
3.A. Temperature and heat
3.B. Measurement of temperature
3.C. Ideal gas equation and absolute temperature
3.D. Thermal expansion
3.E. Specific heat capacity
3.F. Calorimetry
3.G. Change of state: boiling point
3.H. Change of state: melting point
3.I. Latent heat
3.J. Heat transfer: Conduction
3.K. Convection
3.L. Radiation
3.M. Black Body and Black Body Radiation
3.N. Black Body Radiation – Wein’s displacement Law
3.O. Black Body Radiation: Stefan Boltzmann law
3.P. Newton’s law of cooling
4. Units & Measurement
4.A. Introduction to International system of units
4.B. Measurement of length
4.C. Measurement of mass
4.D. Measurement of time
4.E. Accuracy and precision of measurements and errors in measurement
4.F. Absolute error, relative error and percentage error
4.G. Combination of errors
4.H. Significant figures
4.I. Dimension of physical quantity, dimension formula and equation
4.J. Dimensional analysis and application
5. System of Particles and Rotational Motion
5.A. What kind of a motion can a rigid body have
5.B. Center of mass
5.C. Motion of center of mass
5.D. Linear momentum of system of particle
5.E. Vector product of two vectors
5.F. Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity
5.G. Torque
5.H. Angular momentum
5.I. Torque and angular momentum of system, law of conservation of angular momentum
5.J. Equilibrium of rigid body
5.K. Moment of inertia
5.L. Theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes
5.M. Kinematics of rotational motion around a fixed axis
5.N. Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis
5.O. Angular momentum in case of rotation about fixed axis
5.P. Rolling motion
6. Thermodynamics
6.A. Thermal equilibrium and Zeroth law of thermodynamics
6.B. Heat, energy and work
6.C. First law of thermodynamics
6.D. Thermodynamic state variable and equation of state
6.E. Thermodynamic process
6.F. Heat engines
6.G. Refrigerator and heat pump
6.H. Second law of thermodynamics
6.I. Reversible and irreversible processes
6.J. Carnot’s engine
7. Motion In A Straight Line
7.A. Position, path length and displacement
7.B. Average velocity and average
7.C. Instantaneous velocity and speed
7.D. Acceleration
7.E. Uniformly accelerated motion
7.F. Relative velocity
8. Motion in a Plane
8.A. Scalars and Vectors
8.B. Position and displacement vectors
8.C. Equality of vectors
8.D. Multiplication of vector by real number
8.E. Addition and subtraction of vector: graphical method
8.F. Resolution of vectors
8.G. Vector addition- analytical method
8.H. Vector and scalar product
8.I. Motion in a plane with constant acceleration
8.J. Relative velocity in two dimension
8.K. Projectile motion
8.L. Uniform circular motion
9. Kinetic Theory
9.A. Molecular nature of matter
9.B. Behavior of gases
9.C. Kinetic theory of gases: Assumptions
9.D. Kinetic theory of an ideal gas: Pressure of an ideal gas
9.E. Kinetic interpretation of temperature
9.F. Law of equi-partition of energy
9.G. Avogadro’s constant
9.H. Mean free path
10. Gravitation
10.A. Kepler’s law
10.B. Universal law of gravitation
10.C. The gravitational constant
10.D. Acceleration due to gravity of earth
10.E. Acceleration due to gravity above and below the earths surface
10.F. Gravitational potential energy
10.G. Escape speed
10.H. Earth satellite
10.I. Energy of an orbiting satellite
10.J. Weightlessness
11. Law of Motion
11.A. Aristotle Fallacy
11.B. Law of inertia
11.C. Newton’s first law of motion
11.D. Newton’s second law of motion and momentum
11.E. Newton’s third law of motion
11.F. Conservation of momentum
11.G. Equilibrium of a particle
11.H. Static and kinetic friction
11.I. Law of friction
11.J. Rolling friction
11.K. Circular motion
11.L. Solving problems in mechanics
12. Oscillation
12.A. Periodic and oscillatory motion
12.B. Simple harmonic motion
12.C. Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion
12.D. Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion
12.E. Force law for simple harmonic motion
12.F. Energy in simple harmonic motion
12.G. Some systems executing simple harmonic motion: oscillation due to spring
12.H. The simple pendulum
12.I. Damped simple harmonic motion
12.J. Forced oscillation and resonance
13. Mechanical Properties of Solids
13.A. Elastic behavior of solids
13.B. Stress and strain
13.C. Hooke’s law and the stress strain curve
13.D. Elastic moduli: Young’s modulus
13.E. Shear modulus
13.F. Bulk modulus
13.G. Elastic energy
13.H. Application of elastic behavior of materials
14.Waves
14.A. Transverse and longitudinal waves
14.B. Displacement relation in a progressive wave
14.C. Period angular frequency and frequency
14.D. Speed of travelling wave
14.E. Principle of superposition of waves
14.F. Reflection of waves
14.G. Standing waves and normal modes
14.H. Beats
14.I. Doppler effect
15.Mechanical Properties of Fluids
15.A. Pressure
15.B. Pascal’s law, variation of pressure with depth
15.C. Atmospheric pressure and Gauge pressure
15.D. Hydraulic machines
15.E. Streamline flow
15.F. Bernouli’s principle
15.G. Speed of efflux, Venturimeter
15.H. Dynamic lift
15.I.  Viscosity
15.J. Reynold’s number
15.K. Surface tension
15.L. Surface energy
15.M. Pressure in drop and bubbles, Capillary rise
15.N. Detergents and surface tension